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eBook details

• Title: Turkey and the Alliance of Civilizations: Norm Adoption As a Survival Strategy (Report)
• Author : Insight Turkey
• Release Date : January 01, 2009
• Genre: Politics & Current Events,Books,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 106 KB

Description

Why did Turkey recently adopt the emerging international norm of inter-civilizational dialogue as one of its foreign policy priorities? Scholars with a normative orientation argue that the emerging international norms on dialogue among civilizations, which gained ground after the tragic 9/11 terrorist attacks, led Turkey to embrace the idea of inter-civilizational dialogue. According to this view, Turkey's payoff for setting this priority comes in the shape of an increase in Turkey's international legitimacy and credibility. Contrary to the normative argument, realist scholars of international relations hypothesize that having an active foreign policy agenda on civilizational dialogue provides the Turkish state with new opportunities that contribute to its national interests in several issue areas, ranging from Turkey-EU relations, to an increase in the Turkish sphere of influence in the Muslim world. Although these perspectives explain Turkey's adoption of norms on inter-civilizational dialogue to a degree, a nuanced analysis should pay attention to the domestic political context; in those states in which political power is not concentrated in the government (i.e. in which it is shared with other state bodies such as the military), the domestic political considerations of the government gain priority in foreign policymaking. The government's first priority under the threat of political survival is to guarantee its existence within the system. (1) I argue that the Justice and Development Party (AK Party) government, circumscribed by the secularist establishment, strategically adopted norms on inter-civilizational dialogue to create a legitimate space for its survival in Turkey's domestic political sphere. As a result, the UN Alliance of Civilizations (AoC) became a Turkish foreign policy priority. (2) Internationally representing Turkey as a model that integrates religious, secular, and democratic values (i.e. Eastern and Western values), the AK Party increased not only its global credibility but also its own domestic political interests. Internationally, the AK Party came to be seen as a model for the Islamic world by balancing religion and secularism in a functioning democracy. Domestically, the AoC was used to counter Turkey's authoritarian secularist establishment. However, what made this strategy viable for the AK Party government is the initiative's normative strength and pragmatic benefits for Turkey's national interests. In other words, considerations of domestic political survival were necessary factors in the adoption of inter-civilizational dialogue, even though in and of themselves they were not sufficient conditions.

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